An arthrogram is a procedure used to demonstrate the structures inside a joint (cartilage and joint surface) after a contrast medium (sometimes referred to as a contrast agent or “dye”) is injected into the joint. The area viewed could be your shoulder, ankle, knee, or hip.

An arthrogram provides a clear image of the soft tissue in the joint (e.g. ligaments and cartilage) so that a more accurate diagnosis about an injury or cause of a symptom, such as joint pain or swelling, can be made.

A radiologist (specialist doctor) injects the contrast medium into the joint using computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound to help guide the injection needle into the correct position.

Once the injection is finished, images of the joint are taken using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT. While a plain MRI or CT can provide some information of the soft tissue structures, an arthrogram can sometimes provide much more detailed information about what is wrong within the joint.

A steroid injection, also known as intra-articular or Tendon Sheath Steroid Injection, is a procedure where a radiologist administers cortisone or a similar steroid medication directly into a joint or tendon under ultrasound guidance. This medication reduces inflammation, alleviates pain, and decreases swelling by acting as a potent local anti-inflammatory agent. The effects typically begin within a few days and can last for several months.

Using ultrasound guidance, the steroid injection is administered into the affected joint or around the affected tendon. Local anaesthetic is given first to numb the area. The anti-inflammatory steroid used is called cortisone. 

Important: If you are diabetic, it is important to advise the radiologist before the procedure, as the steroid can upset your diabetic control. An information and consent form will be given to you on the day.

Some discomfort may result, but the needles used are very small. Leakage of fluid from the joint can be uncomfortable too, but this side-effect is minimised if movement is limited for the rest of the day after the injection.

We will contact you prior to your appointment to talk through any preparation instructions and ask you about your current medications, your medical history, and potential risks. We will also answer any questions you may have about the procedure.  Do let us know if you normally take warfarin tablets (or any other blood thinning medication).

If required, please contact your doctor before you stop taking any medication.

Be sure to tell us if you are pregnant, breast feeding, or if there is a chance you may be pregnant.

Following the procedure you should be able to drive home, however you may want to bring someone with you to drive you home after the procedure.

The joint must be rested for the day. Do not actively lift your arm up if the shoulder was examined, don't walk excessively if your hip, knee, or ankle was examined.

Although complications are rare, our interventional radiologist will discuss possible side effects and risks with you prior to your procedure so you can ask questions and decide if this exam is right for you.